Renewable Energy|Business Energy | Energy Comparison|Electrician
Energy Fundamentals
1.1 Introduction
Introduction
Energy is the basic need and the backbone of human activities in all sectors
(industry, agriculture, transportation, etc.) of life. It is one of the major inputs
for the economic development of a country. There is a strong link between energy consumption and GDP. Every country meets its energy require from a variety of energy sources which can be classified as follows:
(i) Primary and secondary energy sources
(ii) Conventional and non-conventional energy sources
(ii) Commercial and non-commercial energy sources
(iv) Renewable and non-renewable energy sources
Let us discuss them one by one:
(i) The primary energy sources are those that are found in nature, e.g. fossil fuels, biomass, radioactive substances, thermal energy stored in the earth's interior. The energy required to obtain the primary energy sources is much less than the energy they produce. The primary energy sources undergo various forms of transformation or converted into the secondary energy sources (steam, electricity) before being utilized finally
(ii) The conventional energy sources are those which are traditionally being used for many decades. Energy resources other than fossil fuels, nuclear and hydro resources are termed non-conventional energy sources.
(iii) The commercial energy sources (thermal power from fossil fuels, hydropower, and nuclear power) are available in the market for a definite price, while the non-commercial energy sources (crop residue, dung cake, animal power, solar, winds etc.) are not available in thecommercial market for a price. The commercial energy sources are predominant sources not only for industrial, agricultural, transport and commercial development, but also for many hou general population. In an industrially less dev as India the utilization of sources i often ignored in energy accounting household tasks developed countrys Suer commercial and non-commers about equal, though non-commercial energy sour renewed by nature again and again, e.g. solar energy, wind ener and hydropower. Hydropower is a primary as well as a and renewable energy source. Ihe renewable energy sources be harnessed without the releaseenvironmental pollution.
The non-renewable energy sources
coal, oil and nuclear fuels are likely to deplete with tim
(iv) The renewable energy sources are inexhaustible and eothermal energy
onven renewable ene
of harmful pollutants or with less an
Man's large scale use of commercial energy has led to a better qual of life. The energy consumption is increasing day by day due to incre population and growth in industrial and transportation sectors. The USA is largest consumer of the primary energy (about 26% of world's consumption
which has about 5% of the world's population, while the India which has
17% of the world's population consumes only 3.3% of the world's primary
energy consumption. The major sectors using the primary energy source
include electrical power, transportation, heating, industrial and others, such as
cooking. The total primary energy demand in the world increased from 5536
MTOE (Mega Tonnes of Oil Equivalent) in 1971 to 10,345 MTOE in 2002
representing an average annual increase of 2%. The global energy consumption
in the last half-century has increased very rapidly and is expected to continue
to grow over the next 50 years. Of the total primary energy demand in 2002,
the fossil fuels accounted for about 80% with oil, coal and natural gas being
35.5%, 23%, and 21.2%, respectively. Biomass accounted for 11% of all the
primary energy in the world, almost all of it being traditional biomass in the
eloping countries which is used very inefficiently
Although primary energy use in all sectors has increased, their relat
shares except for transportation and electricity have decreased. The livi
standard and prosperity of a nation directly depends on the power/electricily
consumption. Electricity is the only form of energy which is easy
to transport and easy to control. Cheap and abundant supply of ele
the major factor in the development of a country. Presently
largest source of electricity generation in the world. The hydroelectrne Fticit
which is a renewable energy source accounted for 15% share of elec
generation in the world. All other renewable sources generate a neg
amount of electricity in the world.
The whole world is in the grip of energy crisis and the increased pollution
associated with energy use. The ways to meet these challenges are
(i) To check the growing energy demand but that would slowdown the
economic growth
(ii) To develop non-polluting energy conversion system.
For sustainable development we should also utilize our renewable
(non-decaying) resources. Fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas were the
fuel of choice during the last half of the twentieth century. The future energy
demand will be met by a global energy mix that includes a range of fuel types.
There is a resurgence of interest in nuclear power, however, it is doubtful
that it alone will be able to fill the gap between energy demand and supply
The renewable sources technologies of wind power and solar energy have
vastly improved in the last two decades and are becoming more cost effective
As these technologies mature and become even more cost competitive in the
ruture, they may be in a position to replace major fractions of fossil fuels for
meeting energy requirements and electricity generation. The renewable energy technologies of solar, wind, and biomass will not only be essential but also
hopefully be able to provide the additional resources to fill the gap and provide
a clean and sustainable energy future.
Renewable Energy|Business Energy | Energy Comparison|Electrician
coal, oil and nuclear fuels are likely to deplete with tim
(iv) The renewable energy sources are inexhaustible and eothermal energy
onven renewable ene
of harmful pollutants or with less an
Man's large scale use of commercial energy has led to a better qual of life. The energy consumption is increasing day by day due to incre population and growth in industrial and transportation sectors. The USA is largest consumer of the primary energy (about 26% of world's consumption
which has about 5% of the world's population, while the India which has
17% of the world's population consumes only 3.3% of the world's primary
energy consumption. The major sectors using the primary energy source
include electrical power, transportation, heating, industrial and others, such as
cooking. The total primary energy demand in the world increased from 5536
MTOE (Mega Tonnes of Oil Equivalent) in 1971 to 10,345 MTOE in 2002
representing an average annual increase of 2%. The global energy consumption
in the last half-century has increased very rapidly and is expected to continue
to grow over the next 50 years. Of the total primary energy demand in 2002,
the fossil fuels accounted for about 80% with oil, coal and natural gas being
35.5%, 23%, and 21.2%, respectively. Biomass accounted for 11% of all the
primary energy in the world, almost all of it being traditional biomass in the
eloping countries which is used very inefficiently
Although primary energy use in all sectors has increased, their relat
shares except for transportation and electricity have decreased. The livi
standard and prosperity of a nation directly depends on the power/electricily
consumption. Electricity is the only form of energy which is easy
to transport and easy to control. Cheap and abundant supply of ele
the major factor in the development of a country. Presently
largest source of electricity generation in the world. The hydroelectrne Fticit
which is a renewable energy source accounted for 15% share of elec
generation in the world. All other renewable sources generate a neg
amount of electricity in the world.
The whole world is in the grip of energy crisis and the increased pollution
associated with energy use. The ways to meet these challenges are
(i) To check the growing energy demand but that would slowdown the
economic growth
(ii) To develop non-polluting energy conversion system.
For sustainable development we should also utilize our renewable
(non-decaying) resources. Fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas were the
fuel of choice during the last half of the twentieth century. The future energy
demand will be met by a global energy mix that includes a range of fuel types.
There is a resurgence of interest in nuclear power, however, it is doubtful
that it alone will be able to fill the gap between energy demand and supply
The renewable sources technologies of wind power and solar energy have
vastly improved in the last two decades and are becoming more cost effective
As these technologies mature and become even more cost competitive in the
ruture, they may be in a position to replace major fractions of fossil fuels for
meeting energy requirements and electricity generation. The renewable energy technologies of solar, wind, and biomass will not only be essential but also
hopefully be able to provide the additional resources to fill the gap and provide
a clean and sustainable energy future.
Renewable Energy|Business Energy | Energy Comparison|Electrician
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