Write about Atomic structure and electric change ?
The smallest physically exist particle of an element is molecule. The molecule is made of multiple numbers of atoms. The structure of atom consists of a muscles which is surrounded by numbers of electrons revolve around. The nucleus has highly concentrated protons and neutrons. The nucleus is positively changed as each proton inside it carries positive charge of 1.602 X 10 − 19 coulombs. The neutrons inside the nucleus is electrically neutral, means, it does not contain any charge.
Electron has equal and opposite of charge of each proton. That is, net electrical charge of each electron is − 1.602 X 10 − 19 Coulombs. The mass of electron is much lighter than proton; Electron is lighter than a proton by a factor of about 1840.
So, we have seen that proton has positive charge where as electron has negative charge, but an atom is electrically neutral, that implies the number of electrons in the orbits of the atom is exactly equal to the number of proton in nucleus.
There are numbers of orbit present in an atom with different radius. So, some electrons resolve the nucleus from closer some resolve from far. These orbits are called shells or energy levels. This electron in success shells are named as K, L, M, N, O & R. at increase distance outward from nucleus.
Each of these shells has a maximum number of electrons for stability. The maximum number electrons in a filled inner shell can be determined by an easy formula 2n2. Where n is the sequential order of the shell from nucleus. By this formula, the number of electron in first shell of atomic structure is 2, in second shell 8 and in third shell it is 18 and so on. This rule is only applicable to inner shells, not for the outermost shell of atomic structure.
For example, the atomic number of a copper atom is 29. So by applying this formula, we get, the number of electrons in the K, L, M and N are 2, 8, 18 and 1 respectively.
This outermost electron of an atom has least attraction force with nucleus, as the distance from nucleus is highest. So, this can be detached from the parent atom if external energy is supplied. When this loosely bonded electron is detached from the parent atoms, the positive charge of the atoms becomes positive. Then this atom is called an ion. If in a piece of element, these positive ions exist in higher number the element as a whole will have positive electric charge.
Welcome to Accurate Pedia - Accurate News Of World Hello Friends My Name Is Shaikh Sahil. I Am 20 Years Old And I Completed My Bechlor Degree Of BCA. Currently Studying Master Degree MCA. Read More About Me
ConversionConversion EmoticonEmoticon